Math Problem Statement

Let F(x) = x^2 + ∫[tan(x-1), 0] ln(1 + t) dt. Find an equation of the tangent line to the graph of F at x = 1.

Solution

To solve this problem, we need to find the equation of the tangent line to F(x)F(x) at x=1x = 1. Let us follow these steps:

Step 1: Differentiate F(x)F(x)

The function is given as: F(x)=x2+tan(x1)0ln(1+t)dtF(x) = x^2 + \int_{\tan(x-1)}^{0} \ln(1+t) \, dt

To compute F(x)F'(x), we differentiate both terms:

  1. Differentiate x2x^2: ddx[x2]=2x\frac{d}{dx}[x^2] = 2x

  2. Differentiate the integral term: The integral has variable bounds, so we apply the Leibniz rule: ddxg1(x)g2(x)f(t)dt=f(g2(x))g2(x)f(g1(x))g1(x)\frac{d}{dx} \int_{g_1(x)}^{g_2(x)} f(t) \, dt = f(g_2(x)) g_2'(x) - f(g_1(x)) g_1'(x)

    Here, f(t)=ln(1+t)f(t) = \ln(1+t), g1(x)=tan(x1)g_1(x) = \tan(x-1), and g2(x)=0g_2(x) = 0. Since g2(x)=0g_2(x) = 0, g2(x)=0g_2'(x) = 0, and the term involving g2(x)g_2(x) vanishes. Therefore: ddxtan(x1)0ln(1+t)dt=ln(1+tan(x1))ddx[tan(x1)]\frac{d}{dx} \int_{\tan(x-1)}^{0} \ln(1+t) \, dt = -\ln(1+\tan(x-1)) \cdot \frac{d}{dx}[\tan(x-1)]

    The derivative of tan(x1)\tan(x-1) is: ddx[tan(x1)]=sec2(x1)\frac{d}{dx}[\tan(x-1)] = \sec^2(x-1)

    So, the derivative of the integral is: ln(1+tan(x1))sec2(x1)-\ln(1+\tan(x-1)) \cdot \sec^2(x-1)

Combining these results, we find: F(x)=2xln(1+tan(x1))sec2(x1)F'(x) = 2x - \ln(1+\tan(x-1)) \cdot \sec^2(x-1)

Step 2: Evaluate F(1)F(1) and F(1)F'(1)

To find the tangent line, we need both the value of the function and its slope at x=1x = 1.

  1. Evaluate F(1)F(1): F(1)=(1)2+tan(11)0ln(1+t)dt=1+00ln(1+t)dt=1F(1) = (1)^2 + \int_{\tan(1-1)}^{0} \ln(1+t) \, dt = 1 + \int_{0}^{0} \ln(1+t) \, dt = 1

  2. Evaluate F(1)F'(1): Substitute x=1x = 1 into F(x)F'(x):

    • tan(11)=tan(0)=0\tan(1-1) = \tan(0) = 0
    • ln(1+tan(0))=ln(1+0)=ln(1)=0\ln(1+\tan(0)) = \ln(1+0) = \ln(1) = 0

    Thus, the second term vanishes: F(1)=2(1)0=2F'(1) = 2(1) - 0 = 2

Step 3: Write the Equation of the Tangent Line

The equation of the tangent line is: yF(1)=F(1)(x1)y - F(1) = F'(1)(x-1)

Substitute F(1)=1F(1) = 1 and F(1)=2F'(1) = 2: y1=2(x1)y - 1 = 2(x-1)

Simplify: y=2x1y = 2x - 1

Final Answer:

The equation of the tangent line is: y=2x1y = 2x - 1

Would you like additional explanation or related problems? Here are some related questions:

  1. Can you explain why the term involving g2(x)=0g_2(x) = 0 vanishes?
  2. What happens if we change the upper limit of the integral to a nonzero function?
  3. How would the tangent line change if we shifted the value of xx in the derivative evaluation?
  4. Can we plot the graph of F(x)F(x) near x=1x = 1 to visualize the tangent line?
  5. How does the integral contribute to the overall shape of F(x)F(x)?

Tip: Always check for variable bounds in integrals when differentiating; the Leibniz rule is essential for such cases.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Differentiation
Leibniz rule for differentiation under integral sign
Tangent lines

Formulas

Leibniz rule: d/dx ∫[g1(x), g2(x)] f(t) dt = f(g2(x))g2'(x) - f(g1(x))g1'(x)
Equation of tangent line: y - F(a) = F'(a)(x - a)

Theorems

Leibniz integral rule
Basic differentiation rules

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Calculus