Math Problem Statement

Use the squeeze theorem to determine the limit: \( \lim_{x \to -5} (x+5)^2 f(x) \), given that \( f(x) \) is bounded as follows: \[ \frac{\sin\left( -\frac{\pi}{20}x \right)}{x^2 + 10x + 25} \leq f(x) \leq \frac{\sqrt{2} \cdot 2^{x+5}}{2x^2 + 20x + 50} \].

Solution

To solve the problem using the Squeeze Theorem, let’s proceed step by step.


Problem Setup

The function f(x)f(x) is bounded as follows for xD(f)x \in \mathcal{D}(f) (domain of ff):

sin(π20x)x2+10x+25f(x)22x+52x2+20x+50.\frac{\sin\left( -\frac{\pi}{20}x \right)}{x^2 + 10x + 25} \leq f(x) \leq \frac{\sqrt{2} \cdot 2^{x+5}}{2x^2 + 20x + 50}.

We are tasked to compute the following limit using the Squeeze Theorem:

limx5(x+5)2f(x).\lim_{x \to -5} (x+5)^2 f(x).


Step 1: Analyze the Bounds

  1. First, simplify the denominator in the lower bound:

    • x2+10x+25=(x+5)2x^2 + 10x + 25 = (x+5)^2.
    • Therefore, the lower bound becomes: sin(π20x)(x+5)2.\frac{\sin\left( -\frac{\pi}{20}x \right)}{(x+5)^2}.
  2. Simplify the denominator in the upper bound:

    • 2x2+20x+50=2(x2+10x+25)=2(x+5)22x^2 + 20x + 50 = 2(x^2 + 10x + 25) = 2(x+5)^2.
    • Therefore, the upper bound becomes: 22x+52(x+5)2.\frac{\sqrt{2} \cdot 2^{x+5}}{2(x+5)^2}.

Thus, the inequality for f(x)f(x) can be rewritten as:

sin(π20x)(x+5)2f(x)22x+52(x+5)2.\frac{\sin\left( -\frac{\pi}{20}x \right)}{(x+5)^2} \leq f(x) \leq \frac{\sqrt{2} \cdot 2^{x+5}}{2(x+5)^2}.


Step 2: Multiply by (x+5)2(x+5)^2

To isolate f(x)f(x), multiply through the inequality by (x+5)2(x+5)^2 (note: (x+5)2>0(x+5)^2 > 0 near x=5x = -5):

sin(π20x)(x+5)2f(x)22x+52.\sin\left( -\frac{\pi}{20}x \right) \leq (x+5)^2 f(x) \leq \frac{\sqrt{2} \cdot 2^{x+5}}{2}.


Step 3: Take the Limit as x5x \to -5

  1. Behavior of the lower bound:

    • As x5x \to -5, sin(π20x)\sin\left( -\frac{\pi}{20}x \right) oscillates between 1-1 and 11.
    • Thus, the lower bound approaches a value between 1-1 and 11.
  2. Behavior of the upper bound:

    • 2x+52^{x+5} becomes 20=12^0 = 1 as x5x \to -5.
    • Therefore, the upper bound becomes: 212=22.\frac{\sqrt{2} \cdot 1}{2} = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}.

Thus, near x=5x = -5, we have:

1limx5(x+5)2f(x)22.-1 \leq \lim_{x \to -5} (x+5)^2 f(x) \leq \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}.


Step 4: Apply the Squeeze Theorem

The Squeeze Theorem states that if a function is squeezed between two values that both approach the same limit, then the function itself approaches that limit.

Here, as x5x \to -5, the lower bound oscillates between 1-1 and 11, and the upper bound approaches 22\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}. Since the lower bound remains finite and the upper bound approaches a small positive value, the limit of (x+5)2f(x)(x+5)^2 f(x) must be 0.


Final Answer

limx5(x+5)2f(x)=0.\lim_{x \to -5} (x+5)^2 f(x) = 0.


Do you want more details on any step, or need a further explanation? Let me know!

Here are 5 related questions:

  1. What is the Squeeze Theorem, and how is it applied?
  2. Why does the limit of sin(π20x)\sin\left( -\frac{\pi}{20}x \right) oscillate between 1-1 and 11?
  3. How do you simplify quadratic expressions like x2+10x+25x^2 + 10x + 25?
  4. What happens when you multiply inequalities by positive versus negative values?
  5. Why does the term 2x+52^{x+5} simplify to 11 as x5x \to -5?

Tip: Always check for factorizations of quadratic expressions to simplify limits involving denominators.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Squeeze Theorem
Limits
Trigonometric Functions
Quadratic Equations

Formulas

Squeeze Theorem: If g(x) ≤ f(x) ≤ h(x) and \( \lim_{x \to a} g(x) = L = \lim_{x \to a} h(x) \), then \( \lim_{x \to a} f(x) = L \).
Quadratic Factorization: \( x^2 + 10x + 25 = (x+5)^2 \), \( 2x^2 + 20x + 50 = 2(x+5)^2 \).

Theorems

Squeeze Theorem

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Calculus 1