Math Problem Statement

Find the solutions of the equation in the interval [−2𝜋, 2𝜋]. Use a graphing utility to verify your results. (Enter your answers as a comma-separated list.)

csc(x) = 2 root 3 / 3

Solution

To solve the equation csc(x)=233\csc(x) = \frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3} in the interval [2π,2π][-2\pi, 2\pi], follow these steps:


Step 1: Express the equation in terms of sin(x)\sin(x)

The cosecant function is the reciprocal of the sine function: csc(x)=1sin(x).\csc(x) = \frac{1}{\sin(x)}. This gives: 1sin(x)=233.\frac{1}{\sin(x)} = \frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}. Rearranging: sin(x)=323=32.\sin(x) = \frac{3}{2\sqrt{3}} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.


Step 2: Determine the general solutions

The sine function sin(x)=32\sin(x) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} corresponds to angles where sine equals 32\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}. In one period ([0,2π][0, 2\pi]), these angles are: x=π3,2π3.x = \frac{\pi}{3}, \frac{2\pi}{3}.

Step 3: Extend the solutions to the interval [2π,2π][-2\pi, 2\pi]

The sine function is periodic with period 2π2\pi. To find all solutions in the given interval:

  1. For π3\frac{\pi}{3}: x=π3,π32π=5π3,π3+2π=(outside the interval).x = \frac{\pi}{3}, \frac{\pi}{3} - 2\pi = -\frac{5\pi}{3}, \frac{\pi}{3} + 2\pi = \text{(outside the interval)}.
  2. For 2π3\frac{2\pi}{3}: x=2π3,2π32π=4π3,2π3+2π=(outside the interval).x = \frac{2\pi}{3}, \frac{2\pi}{3} - 2\pi = -\frac{4\pi}{3}, \frac{2\pi}{3} + 2\pi = \text{(outside the interval)}.

Thus, the solutions are: x=±π3,±2π3.x = \pm \frac{\pi}{3}, \pm \frac{2\pi}{3}.


Step 4: Final solution

The solutions in the interval [2π,2π][-2\pi, 2\pi] are: x=5π3,4π3,π3,2π3.x = -\frac{5\pi}{3}, -\frac{4\pi}{3}, \frac{\pi}{3}, \frac{2\pi}{3}.


Step 5: Verify using a graphing utility

Graph y=csc(x)y = \csc(x) and check where it equals 233\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}. Confirm that the solutions match the computed values.

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5 Related Questions:

  1. What is the period of the csc(x)\csc(x) function?
  2. How do you determine the general solutions for sin(x)=k\sin(x) = k?
  3. What are the key properties of csc(x)\csc(x)?
  4. How does the reciprocal relationship between sin(x)\sin(x) and csc(x)\csc(x) affect their graphs?
  5. Can csc(x)\csc(x) ever be undefined?

Tip:

For trigonometric equations involving reciprocal functions, it can be helpful to first rewrite them in terms of sine or cosine to simplify calculations.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Trigonometry
Reciprocal Functions
Sine and Cosecant Relationships

Formulas

csc(x) = 1 / sin(x)
sin(x) = √3 / 2

Theorems

Periodic nature of trigonometric functions
Sine function values in specific quadrants

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12