Math Problem Statement

Simplify the rational expression: (1 / (x^2 - 9) - 2 / x) divided by ((x - 3) / (x^2 - x)).

Solution

Let us solve the problem step-by-step to simplify the given expression.


Expression:

1x292xx3x2x\frac{\frac{1}{x^2 - 9} - \frac{2}{x}}{\frac{x - 3}{x^2 - x}}


Step 1: Simplify the denominator x2xx^2 - x

Factor x2xx^2 - x: x2x=x(x1)x^2 - x = x(x - 1)


Step 2: Simplify the numerator 1x292x\frac{1}{x^2 - 9} - \frac{2}{x}

Factor x29x^2 - 9 as (x3)(x+3)(x - 3)(x + 3). Rewrite: 1x292x=1(x3)(x+3)2x\frac{1}{x^2 - 9} - \frac{2}{x} = \frac{1}{(x - 3)(x + 3)} - \frac{2}{x}

The least common denominator (LCD) is: x(x3)(x+3)x(x - 3)(x + 3)

Rewrite the fractions with the LCD: 1(x3)(x+3)=xx(x3)(x+3),2x=2(x3)(x+3)x(x3)(x+3)\frac{1}{(x - 3)(x + 3)} = \frac{x}{x(x - 3)(x + 3)}, \quad \frac{2}{x} = \frac{2(x - 3)(x + 3)}{x(x - 3)(x + 3)}

Combine the fractions: 1(x3)(x+3)2x=x2(x3)(x+3)x(x3)(x+3)\frac{1}{(x - 3)(x + 3)} - \frac{2}{x} = \frac{x - 2(x - 3)(x + 3)}{x(x - 3)(x + 3)}

Expand and simplify the numerator: x2(x3)(x+3)=x2(x29)=x2x2+18x - 2(x - 3)(x + 3) = x - 2(x^2 - 9) = x - 2x^2 + 18

Thus: 1(x3)(x+3)2x=2x2+x+18x(x3)(x+3)\frac{1}{(x - 3)(x + 3)} - \frac{2}{x} = \frac{-2x^2 + x + 18}{x(x - 3)(x + 3)}


Step 3: Combine numerator and denominator

Now consider the full expression: 2x2+x+18x(x3)(x+3)x3x(x1)\frac{\frac{-2x^2 + x + 18}{x(x - 3)(x + 3)}}{\frac{x - 3}{x(x - 1)}}

To divide fractions, multiply by the reciprocal: 2x2+x+18x(x3)(x+3)x3x(x1)=2x2+x+18x(x3)(x+3)x(x1)x3\frac{\frac{-2x^2 + x + 18}{x(x - 3)(x + 3)}}{\frac{x - 3}{x(x - 1)}} = \frac{-2x^2 + x + 18}{x(x - 3)(x + 3)} \cdot \frac{x(x - 1)}{x - 3}

Cancel common factors:

  1. xx cancels.
  2. x3x - 3 cancels.

Result: 2x2+x+18(x+3)(x1)\frac{-2x^2 + x + 18}{(x + 3)} \cdot (x - 1)

Multiply the numerator: (2x2+x+18)(x1)(-2x^2 + x + 18)(x - 1)

Expand: (2x2+x+18)(x1)=2x3+2x2+x2x+18x18=2x3+3x2+17x18(-2x^2 + x + 18)(x - 1) = -2x^3 + 2x^2 + x^2 - x + 18x - 18 = -2x^3 + 3x^2 + 17x - 18

Thus the simplified expression is: 2x3+3x2+17x18x+3\frac{-2x^3 + 3x^2 + 17x - 18}{x + 3}


Would you like a detailed explanation of any specific step?


Questions to Explore:

  1. How do you factorize quadratic and cubic polynomials?
  2. Why is finding the LCD necessary when combining fractions?
  3. How do you multiply and simplify rational expressions?
  4. What methods help in verifying the correctness of the simplification?
  5. What are the common mistakes when working with complex rational expressions?

Tip: Always factorize completely before simplifying rational expressions; this helps identify common terms that can cancel.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Algebra
Rational Expressions
Simplification
Factoring

Formulas

Factoring difference of squares: a^2 - b^2 = (a - b)(a + b)
Least Common Denominator (LCD) for combining fractions
Simplification of complex fractions

Theorems

Properties of rational expressions
Factoring and cancellation in algebra

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 9-12