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The sample covariance between \( X \) and \( Y \) is approximately 128.018 (rounded to three decimal places).

Would you like further details or have any questions?

Here are some related questions to deepen your understanding:
1. How does covariance differ from correlation?
2. What does a positive covariance indicate about the relationship between two variables?
3. What is the formula for calculating population covariance?
4. How does sample size affect the reliability of covariance?
5. Can you explain the concept of variance and how it relates to covariance?

**Tip**: Covariance measures how two variables change together, but it doesn’t give information about the strength or consistency of the relationship. For that, correlation is more commonly used.

The following is a set of data from a sample of n = 11 items. Compute the sample covariance.

Learn how to compute the sample covariance for a dataset of 11 items, involving two sets of data (X and Y). Using the covariance formula, this solution provides a detailed explanation with the final result of approximately 128.018.

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