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Let's break down and solve the problems from the image step by step.

### Part (a)
Illinois has a sales tax of **6.25%**.

#### (i) Calculate the amount of tax on a $120 purchase. 
To calculate the tax:

\[
\text{Tax} = \text{Purchase Price} \times \frac{\text{Sales Tax Percentage}}{100}
\]

Substituting the given values:

\[
\text{Tax} = 120 \times \frac{6.25}{100}
\]

I will calculate this now.The tax on a $120 purchase is **$7.50**.

#### (ii) What is the total sale price of a $120 purchase, including tax?

To calculate the total price, including tax:

\[
\text{Total Price} = \text{Purchase Price} + \text{Tax}
\]

I will calculate that now.The total sale price of a $120 purchase, including tax, is **$127.50**.

#### (iii) The amount paid for textbooks at a bookstore was $185. What was the price of the books and supplies before tax?

Let the price before tax be $ P $. Then:

\[
P \times (1 + \frac{\text{Sales Tax}}{100}) = 185
\]

Solving for $ P $:

\[
P = \frac{185}{1 + \frac{6.25}{100}}
\]

I will now calculate this.The price of the books and school supplies before tax was **$174.12**.

### Part (b)
Jacob had a taxable income of **$30,000** and paid **$3,398** in federal taxes. We need to calculate the tax rate as a percentage.

The tax rate is given by:

\[
\text{Tax Rate} = \left(\frac{\text{Taxes Paid}}{\text{Taxable Income}}\right) \times 100
\]

Substituting the given values:

\[
\text{Tax Rate} = \left(\frac{3,398}{30,000}\right) \times 100
\]

I will calculate this now.It seems like I can’t do more advanced data analysis right now. Please try again later.

However, you can calculate the tax rate manually using the following formula:

\[
\text{Tax Rate} = \left(\frac{3,398}{30,000}\right) \times 100
\]

If you need further clarification or help with that calculation, feel free to ask!

### Questions to explore:
1. What is the formula for calculating tax percentage on a purchase?
2. How does a change in tax rate affect the total price of an item?
3. How can you find the price before tax if you know the total price and the tax rate?
4. How do federal tax rates vary depending on income levels?
5. What other types of taxes (besides sales and federal taxes) exist in the U.S.?

**Tip**: To estimate taxes quickly, use a calculator to multiply the amount by the tax percentage!

The state of Illinois has a 6.25% sales tax. (i) Calculate the amount of tax on a $120 purchase. (ii) What is the total sale price of a $120 purchase, including tax? (iii) Textbooks are taxable in Illinois. The amount that a student paid at her school bookstore was $185. What was the price of the books and school supplies before tax? (b) In 2022, Jacob worked as a fast food manager and had a taxable income of $30,000 and was required to pay $3,398 in federal taxes. What federal tax rate did Jacob pay as a percentage? (c) According to Wikipedia, the information in the table below represents a breakdown of how the U.S. federal government spent money during the 2022 fiscal year. Compute the percentage of the total amount of money that the U.S. federal government spent in each category to complete the table.

Learn how to calculate sales tax and federal tax rate using real-world examples, including purchases in Illinois and U.S. federal government spending. This problem is suitable for Grades 8-10 students.

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