A new drug. CLOTBUST, was compared to aspirin for stroke prevention. The trial enrolled 2,546 patients In the CLOTBUST arm, 39 out of 1,281 patients had a stroke. In the aspinn arm, 64 out of 1,265 patients had a stroke (p = 0.025). What is the relative risk of strcke with CLOTBUST based on this trial?

To find the **relative risk (RR)** of stroke with CLOTBUST compared to aspirin, we follow this formula:

\[
\text{Relative Risk (RR)} = \frac{\text{Risk in CLOTBUST group}}{\text{Risk in Aspirin group}}
\]

### Step 1: Calculate the risk (or probability) of stroke in each group.

1. **Risk in CLOTBUST group:**
   \[
   \text{Risk}_{\text{CLOTBUST}} = \frac{\text{Number of strokes in CLOTBUST group}}{\text{Total patients in CLOTBUST group}} = \frac{39}{1281} \approx 0.0304
   \]

2. **Risk in Aspirin group:**
   \[
   \text{Risk}_{\text{Aspirin}} = \frac{\text{Number of strokes in Aspirin group}}{\text{Total patients in Aspirin group}} = \frac{64}{1265} \approx 0.0506
   \]

### Step 2: Calculate the relative risk.

\[
\text{RR} = \frac{0.0304}{0.0506} \approx 0.6008
\]

### Interpretation:

The **relative risk** of stroke with CLOTBUST compared to aspirin is approximately **0.60**, meaning patients taking CLOTBUST have about 60% of the risk of having a stroke compared to those taking aspirin. This indicates that CLOTBUST reduces the risk of stroke by 40%.

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Would you like further details on this calculation?

Here are some related questions for deeper understanding:

1. What is the absolute risk reduction in this trial?
2. How does relative risk compare to odds ratio in interpreting trial results?
3. What does a p-value of 0.025 suggest about the statistical significance of this result?
4. How would we calculate the number needed to treat (NNT) based on this data?
5. How can we interpret confidence intervals for the relative risk?

**Tip:** Relative risk is useful in clinical trials for understanding the comparative risk between two treatments, but absolute risk reduction provides additional context for decision-making.

A new drug, CLOTBUST, was compared to aspirin for stroke prevention. The trial enrolled 2,546 patients. In the CLOTBUST arm, 39 out of 1,281 patients had a stroke. In the aspirin arm, 64 out of 1,265 patients had a stroke (p = 0.025). What is the relative risk of stroke with CLOTBUST based on this trial?

Discover how to calculate the relative risk of stroke in a clinical trial comparing CLOTBUST and aspirin. This detailed solution includes key mathematical concepts such as risk calculation and relative risk, making it suitable for students and professionals interested in medical statistics and trial analysis.

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