For what range of values of aa will the fourth-degree polynomial x4−2ax2+x+a2−a=0x4−2ax2+x+a2−a=0 have all real roots?

To find the range of values for \( a \) such that the fourth-degree polynomial 

\[
x^4 - 2ax^2 + x + a^2 - a = 0
\]

has all real roots, we need to analyze the nature of the roots of the equation.

### Step 1: Analyze the polynomial.
Let's consider the equation in its given form:

\[
x^4 - 2ax^2 + x + a^2 - a = 0
\]

This is a fourth-degree polynomial in \( x \).

### Step 2: Consider specific cases.
For simplicity, let's test for some specific values of \( a \) to understand the behavior of the polynomial.

#### Case 1: \( a = 0 \)
When \( a = 0 \):
\[
x^4 + x = 0 \implies x(x^3 + 1) = 0
\]
This equation has roots at \( x = 0, -1, \text{ and } \omega \) (where \( \omega \) is a complex cube root of 1). Thus, it has a non-real root.

#### Case 2: \( a = 1 \)
When \( a = 1 \):
\[
x^4 - 2x^2 + x + 1 = 0
\]

This equation is still difficult to factor directly, but testing real values for roots becomes critical.

### Step 3: Apply Descartes' Rule of Signs or symmetry analysis.
Alternatively, we can also investigate the discriminant of the polynomial, but as it's a higher-degree equation, we approach this numerically or graphically, considering the nature of real roots at specific parameter regions.

### Conclusion:
This kind of equation generally requires either numerical methods or deeper investigation of its discriminant or through graphical methods. For now, investigating roots through \(a = \pm 1 \) would narrow the possibilities of real roots within defined ranges, with exact computation needed for closure.

Would you like to see these results or graphically probe for such ranges, or more focus on derivation or proof of root characteristics?

### Follow-Up Questions:

1. How do the real roots change if we perturb \( a \) slightly?
2. What if we factor and reanalyze the equation symmetrically?
3. How would a numerical solver approach this polynomial?
4. What kind of discriminant test is applied to quartics for full real root identification?
5. Can a decomposition into quadratics help here, and how?
6. Would an alternative form through polynomial shifting help simplify the roots?
7. How does derivative analysis inform us about possible extremities of the real roots?
8. Can boundary tests provide clearer insight on what limits these real roots for values?

### Tip:
For equations that are algebraically challenging, sometimes simple boundary testing through plotting can shed light on the region where all roots could be real or help confirm discriminants directly.

Explore how to determine the range of values for 'a' such that the fourth-degree polynomial x^4 - 2ax^2 + x + a^2 - a = 0 has all real roots. Learn about Descartes' Rule of Signs, discriminant analysis, and specific cases to understand the behavior of the polynomial.

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