Math Problem Statement

Write out derivations to prove each of the following sequents from Exercise 10 in propositional logic.

Solution

The image contains a set of logical derivation exercises (Exercise 10) from a formal logic course or text. The task is to write out derivations to prove each of the given sequents, which involve formulas in propositional logic using symbols like implication (→), conjunction (∧), and variables such as ϕ, ψ, θ, χ.

Exercise 10: Derivations for the following sequents

  1. ⊢ (ϕ → (ψ → ψ))
    This is likely a simple application of the identity property in propositional logic.

  2. ⊢ ((θ → (ϕ → ψ)) → (θ → (ϕ → ψ)))
    This is a tautology; you need to show that the statement is derivable from itself.

  3. {(ϕ → ψ), (ϕ → χ)} ⊢ (ϕ → (ψ ∧ χ))
    You are given the premises ϕψϕ → ψ and ϕχϕ → χ, and asked to show that ϕ(ψχ)ϕ → (ψ ∧ χ) is derivable.

  4. {(ϕ → ψ), ((ϕ ∧ ψ) → χ)} ⊢ (ϕ → χ)
    Starting from the assumptions ϕψϕ → ψ and (ϕψ)χ(ϕ ∧ ψ) → χ, you need to derive ϕχϕ → χ.

  5. {(ϕ → (ψ → χ))} ⊢ ((ϕ ∧ ψ) → χ)
    This involves deriving from an implication within an implication and proving that a conjunction leads to the same conclusion.

  6. ⊢ ((θ → ψ) → ((ψ → θ) → θ))
    This is more complex, likely involving contraposition and transitivity in some way.

  7. ⊢ ((θ → (ϕ ∧ θ)) → ((ϕ → θ) ∧ (θ → ϕ)))
    A derivation where you work with conjunctions and implications together.


How would you like to approach the derivations for these sequents? I can help with a step-by-step derivation for each one.

Here are some follow-up questions to guide you:

  1. Would you like to start with a specific exercise from the list for a detailed proof?
  2. Are you familiar with the rules of inference, such as Modus Ponens or Conjunction Introduction, which are often used in these proofs?
  3. Do you want a brief refresher on natural deduction or sequent calculus for solving these?
  4. Would you prefer formal derivations in symbolic notation or a more intuitive explanation?
  5. Are there any specific logical symbols or rules that you need clarification on?

Tip: In propositional logic, common proof strategies include using tautologies, implications, and simplifications like Modus Ponens (if pqp → q and pp, then qq).

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Propositional Logic
Formal Logic
Natural Deduction

Formulas

ϕ → (ψ → ψ)
((θ → (ϕ → ψ)) → (θ → (ϕ → ψ)))
{(ϕ → ψ), (ϕ → χ)} ⊢ (ϕ → (ψ ∧ χ))
{(ϕ → ψ), ((ϕ ∧ ψ) → χ)} ⊢ (ϕ → χ)
{(ϕ → (ψ → χ))} ⊢ ((ϕ ∧ ψ) → χ)
((θ → ψ) → ((ψ → θ) → θ))
((θ → (ϕ ∧ θ)) → ((ϕ → θ) ∧ (θ → ϕ)))

Theorems

Tautology
Implication Elimination
Conjunction Introduction
Modus Ponens

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate (Introduction to Logic/Philosophy)