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The questions in the image pertain to the concept of "Present Value" (nilai sekarang) with varying discount rates over different periods of time. Let's break down and address each part briefly:

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### 2. Berikut ini adalah latihan soal nilai sekarang:

#### a. 
- **Berapakah nilai sekarang dari $100 pada akhir tahun ke-3 dengan tingkat diskonto (i) 100 persen? (ii) 10 persen? (iii) 0 persen?**

**Present Value formula**:
\[
PV = \frac{FV}{(1 + i)^n}
\]
where:
- $PV$ = Present Value
- $FV$ = Future Value (in this case, $100)
- $i$ = discount rate (in decimal form)
- $n$ = number of periods (in this case, 3 years)

You need to calculate the present value for each of the given discount rates: 100%, 10%, and 0%.

#### b.
- **Berapakah total nilai sekarang dari $500 yang diterima setiap akhir tahun selama 3 tahun dengan tingkat diskonto sebesar (i) 4 persen? (ii) 25 persen?**

Here, you are dealing with a series of cash flows, and you will calculate the present value of each $500 payment for 3 years using the same formula for different discount rates (4% and 25%).

#### c.
- **$100 diterima pada akhir tahun pertama, $500 pada akhir tahun ke-2, dan $1,000 pada akhir tahun ke-3. Berapakah total nilai sekarang dari penerimaan tersebut dengan tingkat diskonto sebesar (i) 4 persen? (ii) 25 persen?**

This requires calculating the present value of each cash flow individually and summing them up, again using the given discount rates.

#### d.
- **$1,000 yang akan diterima pada akhir tahun pertama, $500 pada akhir tahun ke-2, dan $100 pada akhir tahun ke-3. Berapakah total nilai sekarang dari penerimaan tersebut dengan tingkat diskonto sebesar (i) 4 persen? (ii) 25 persen?**

Similar to part (c), but the order and amounts of cash flows have changed. You will again calculate the present value of each and sum them up for each discount rate.

#### e.
- **Bandingkan jawaban Anda pada butir (c) dengan jawaban pada butir (d) dan jelaskan alasan terjadinya perbedaan jawaban tersebut.**

This part asks for a comparison between the results of (c) and (d), focusing on why there is a difference in the present value despite similar amounts being received over the same time periods. The difference arises due to the timing and magnitude of the cash flows.

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Would you like detailed calculations for each part? Here are a few questions to deepen your understanding:

1. What does it mean when the discount rate is 0% in part (a)?
2. How does increasing the discount rate impact the present value?
3. Why do you think the cash flows are valued differently in parts (c) and (d)?
4. What role does the time value of money play in these calculations?
5. How would inflation impact these discount rates in a real-world scenario?

**Tip:** When comparing present values, remember that cash flows occurring earlier are generally more valuable than those occurring later, given positive discount rates.

Berapakah nilai sekarang dari $100 pada akhir tahun ke-3 dengan tingkat diskonto sebesar 100%, 10%, dan 0%, dan nilai sekarang dari berbagai pembayaran di bagian b, c, dan d?

Learn how to calculate the present value of different cash flows with discount rates of 100%, 10%, 0%, 4%, and 25%. This exercise covers key financial concepts such as time value of money and the present value formula, suitable for finance and economics students.

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