To calculate the percentage change in real GDP per capita for the first five years (2010 to 2015), we'll follow these steps:

Step 1: Calculate the Real GDP for 2010 and 2015

The formula for real GDP is:

$\text{Real GDP} = \frac{\text{Nominal GDP}}{\text{GDP Deflator}} \times 100$

• 2010: $\text{Real GDP}_{2010} = \frac{17.5 \text{ billion}}{103.7} \times 100 = \frac{17.5}{1.037} \approx 16.87 \text{ billion}$
• 2015: $\text{Real GDP}_{2015} = \frac{18.222 \text{ billion}}{104.8} \times 100 = \frac{18.222}{1.048} \approx 17.38 \text{ billion}$

Step 2: Calculate the Population Growth from 2010 to 2015

The initial population in 2010 is 0.88 million.

Given the growth rates of births and deaths:

• Birth rate growth: 12.5%
• Death rate growth: 7.5%

The net population growth rate is:

$\text{Net Population Growth Rate} = 12.5\% - 7.5\% = 5\%$

Thus, the population in 2015 is:

$\text{Population}_{2015} = \text{Population}_{2010} \times (1 + 0.05) = 0.88 \times 1.05 = 0.924 \text{ million}$

Step 3: Calculate Real GDP Per Capita for 2010 and 2015

Now, we calculate the real GDP per capita for 2010 and 2015.

• 2010: $\text{Real GDP per Capita}_{2010} = \frac{\text{Real GDP}_{2010}}{\text{Population}_{2010}} = \frac{16.87 \text{ billion}}{0.88 \text{ million}} = \frac{16,870}{0.88} = 19,170.45 \text{ dollars}$
• 2015: $\text{Real GDP per Capita}_{2015} = \frac{\text{Real GDP}_{2015}}{\text{Population}_{2015}} = \frac{17.38 \text{ billion}}{0.924 \text{ million}} = \frac{17,380}{0.924} \approx 18,810.39 \text{ dollars}$

Step 4: Calculate the Percentage Change in Real GDP Per Capita

The percentage change in real GDP per capita from 2010 to 2015 is given by:

$\text{Percentage Change} = \frac{\text{Real GDP per Capita}_{2015} - \text{Real GDP per Capita}_{2010}}{\text{Real GDP per Capita}_{2010}} \times 100$

$\text{Percentage Change} = \frac{18,810.39 - 19,170.45}{19,170.45} \times 100 \approx \frac{-360.06}{19,170.45} \times 100 \approx -1.88\%$

Thus, the percentage change in real GDP per capita from 2010 to 2015 is approximately -1.88%.

Summary

The percentage change in real GDP per capita for the first five years (2010 to 2015) is approximately -1.88%.

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Would you like further details on any part of this calculation?

Here are some related questions:

1. How is real GDP different from nominal GDP?
2. How does population growth impact GDP per capita?
3. What is the significance of the GDP deflator in economic analysis?
4. How can birth and death rates affect a country's economic performance?
5. How might changes in healthcare influence long-term economic growth?

Tip: When analyzing GDP data over time, always adjust for inflation using real GDP to get a clearer picture of economic growth.