Math Problem Statement

paired t-test jawab menggunakan konsep tersebut untuk fase I sampi IV

Solution

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Statistics
Paired t-Test
Hypothesis Testing

Formulas

d_i = X_before,i - X_after,i
Average difference: \bar{d} = (Σd_i) / n
Standard deviation of differences: s_d = sqrt((Σ(d_i - \bar{d})^2) / (n-1))
t-statistic: t = \bar{d} / (s_d / sqrt(n))

Theorems

t-distribution
Student's t-test

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Statistics