Math Problem Statement

Using trapezoidal rule evaluate ∫ dx / (1 + x^2) with h = 1/4

Solution

This appears to be a problem involving the trapezoidal rule for numerical integration. The equation given is:

dx1+x2withh=14\int \frac{dx}{1 + x^2} \quad \text{with} \quad h = \frac{1}{4}

The solution uses the trapezoidal rule to evaluate the integral. Here's a breakdown of what is happening in the steps:

  1. Given information: The trapezoidal rule formula for approximating integrals is: Ih2(f(x0)+2i=1n1f(xi)+f(xn))I \approx \frac{h}{2} \left( f(x_0) + 2 \sum_{i=1}^{n-1} f(x_i) + f(x_n) \right) where hh is the step size, and x0,x1,x2,...,xnx_0, x_1, x_2, ..., x_n are the points at which the function is evaluated.

  2. Step 1: The function is f(x)=11+x2f(x) = \frac{1}{1 + x^2}, and the step size h=14h = \frac{1}{4}. This means x0,x1,x2,x_0, x_1, x_2, \dots are calculated by adding hh incrementally starting from x0=0x_0 = 0.

The steps in the image are working through the evaluation of this formula using the given values of hh. It uses successive values of xx (e.g., x0,x1,x2,x3,x4x_0, x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4) to calculate corresponding function values y0,y1,y2,y3,y4y_0, y_1, y_2, y_3, y_4, which are substituted into the trapezoidal rule formula.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Numerical Integration
Trapezoidal Rule
Functions
Calculus

Formulas

Trapezoidal Rule: I ≈ (h / 2) * (f(x_0) + 2 * Σ f(x_i) + f(x_n))

Theorems

Trapezoidal Rule

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12