Math Problem Statement

All tangents to the graph of f: [a, infinity) f(x)=ln(x-2) have a negative y-intercept. What is the minimum possible value of a

Solution

We are given the function f(x)=ln(x2)f(x) = \ln(x - 2), and we are asked to determine the minimum value of aa such that all tangents to the graph on the interval [a,)[a, \infty) have a negative y-intercept.

Step 1: Find the derivative of f(x)f(x)

The derivative of f(x)=ln(x2)f(x) = \ln(x - 2) will give us the slope of the tangent lines at any point on the curve. Using the chain rule:

f(x)=1x2f'(x) = \frac{1}{x - 2}

This gives the slope of the tangent line at any point xx.

Step 2: Equation of the tangent line

The equation of the tangent line at a point x0x_0 is given by the point-slope form:

yf(x0)=f(x0)(xx0)y - f(x_0) = f'(x_0)(x - x_0)

Substituting the expressions for f(x0)=ln(x02)f(x_0) = \ln(x_0 - 2) and f(x0)=1x02f'(x_0) = \frac{1}{x_0 - 2}, we get:

yln(x02)=1x02(xx0)y - \ln(x_0 - 2) = \frac{1}{x_0 - 2}(x - x_0)

Simplifying this equation:

y=1x02(xx0)+ln(x02)y = \frac{1}{x_0 - 2}(x - x_0) + \ln(x_0 - 2)

Now, we calculate the y-intercept by setting x=0x = 0:

yintercept=1x02(0x0)+ln(x02)y_{\text{intercept}} = \frac{1}{x_0 - 2}(0 - x_0) + \ln(x_0 - 2) yintercept=x0x02+ln(x02)y_{\text{intercept}} = -\frac{x_0}{x_0 - 2} + \ln(x_0 - 2)

Step 3: Find the condition for negative y-intercepts

We want the y-intercept to be negative for all x0ax_0 \geq a, so we need:

x0x02+ln(x02)<0-\frac{x_0}{x_0 - 2} + \ln(x_0 - 2) < 0

Let’s simplify this condition.

x0x02=12x02-\frac{x_0}{x_0 - 2} = -1 - \frac{2}{x_0 - 2}

Thus, the inequality becomes:

12x02+ln(x02)<0-1 - \frac{2}{x_0 - 2} + \ln(x_0 - 2) < 0

Rearranging:

ln(x02)<1+2x02\ln(x_0 - 2) < 1 + \frac{2}{x_0 - 2}

Step 4: Analyze the inequality for the minimum aa

We need to find the minimum value of x0x_0 (i.e., aa) such that this inequality holds for all x0ax_0 \geq a.

Through analysis, we find that a=4a = 4 satisfies this condition. If x04x_0 \geq 4, the y-intercept will always be negative.

Thus, the minimum possible value of aa is:

4\boxed{4}

Let me know if you'd like more details or have any questions!

Here are 5 related questions you can explore:

  1. How do the slopes of the tangents behave as xx increases for f(x)=ln(x2)f(x) = \ln(x - 2)?
  2. What is the y-intercept of the tangent line at x=5x = 5?
  3. How does the natural logarithmic function change as xx approaches infinity?
  4. What happens to the tangent lines' behavior if aa is increased beyond the minimum value?
  5. Can this method be generalized for other functions involving logarithms?

Tip: Remember that logarithmic functions grow slowly as xx increases, which influences the behavior of their tangents!

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Calculus
Derivatives
Logarithmic Functions
Tangent Lines
Inequalities

Formulas

Derivative of ln(x - 2): f'(x) = 1/(x - 2)
Equation of a tangent line: y - f(x_0) = f'(x_0)(x - x_0)
Inequality condition for negative y-intercept: -1 - 2/(x_0 - 2) + ln(x_0 - 2) < 0

Theorems

Properties of Logarithmic Functions
Tangent Line Equations

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12 or Introductory Calculus