Math Problem Statement

For the circuit below, what value of \( R_L \) will ensure that it absorbs the maximum possible amount of power?

Solution

To determine the value of RLR_L that will absorb the maximum possible amount of power, we can apply the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem. According to this theorem, the load resistor RLR_L will absorb maximum power when it is equal to the Thevenin resistance RthR_{\text{th}} seen from its terminals.

Steps to solve the problem:

  1. Identify the Thevenin Equivalent Resistance RthR_{\text{th}}:

    • Remove RLR_L from the circuit and find the equivalent resistance across its terminals.
    • Since there’s a 3Ω and a 2Ω resistor in series, their combined resistance will be 3+2=5 Ω3 + 2 = 5 \ \Omega.
    • This combined 5Ω resistance is in parallel with the 5Ω resistor on the right side of the circuit.

    Thus, the Thevenin resistance RthR_{\text{th}} across the terminals of RLR_L is: Rth=5×55+5=2510=2.5 ΩR_{\text{th}} = \frac{5 \times 5}{5 + 5} = \frac{25}{10} = 2.5 \ \Omega

  2. Set RL=RthR_L = R_{\text{th}} for Maximum Power:

    • For maximum power transfer, RLR_L should be equal to RthR_{\text{th}}, which we calculated as 2.5 Ω.

Conclusion:

The value of RLR_L that will ensure it absorbs the maximum possible amount of power is: RL=2.5 ΩR_L = 2.5 \ \Omega

Would you like a detailed explanation of each step?

Here are some related questions for further exploration:

  1. How would you calculate the power absorbed by RLR_L once it's set to 2.5 Ω?
  2. What if RLR_L was not adjustable—how would you determine the actual power absorbed by a fixed RLR_L?
  3. How does the presence of the 1 A current source affect the Thevenin equivalent?
  4. Could you analyze this circuit using Norton's theorem instead? What would change?
  5. How can you verify the maximum power transfer condition using a circuit simulator?

Tip: Thevenin and Norton equivalents are powerful tools for simplifying complex circuits when analyzing power transfer to a specific load.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Circuit Analysis
Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Formulas

Thevenin resistance formula for parallel resistors: \( R_{\text{th}} = \frac{R_1 \cdot R_2}{R_1 + R_2} \)
Maximum Power Transfer Condition: \( R_L = R_{\text{th}} \)

Theorems

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
Thevenin's Theorem

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Electrical Engineering