Math Problem Statement

HW (1).pdf

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solve it

Solution

Let's solve the problems presented in the document:

1. Classify the States of a Markov Chain

Given the transition probability matrix (TPM):

0 & 1 \\ \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} \end{pmatrix}$$ This represents a Markov chain with two states: 0 and 1. - **State 0**: - From state 0, you always move to state 1. Thus, state 0 is transient (you don't return to it once you leave). - **State 1**: - From state 1, there's a 50% chance of returning to state 1 and a 50% chance of moving to state 0. This implies that you can return to state 1, making it recurrent. Thus, **state 0 is transient**, and **state 1 is recurrent**. --- ### 2. **Find the Steady State Distribution** We need to solve for the steady state distribution $$\pi = (\pi_0, \pi_1)$$, where the steady state distribution satisfies: $$\pi P = \pi$$ for the given transition matrix: $$P = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} \end{pmatrix}$$ This gives the following system of equations: $$\pi_0 = \frac{1}{2} \pi_1$$ $$\pi_1 = \pi_0 + \frac{1}{2} \pi_1$$ Also, we know that $$\pi_0 + \pi_1 = 1$$. Using this, we solve the equations to find the steady-state distribution. --- ### 3. **Probability Distribution after 3 Steps** Given the initial state probability distribution $$P(0) = \left( \frac{2}{3}, \frac{1}{3} \right)$$ and the same transition matrix $$P$$, we calculate the distribution after 3 steps using: $$P(3) = P(0) P^3$$ We can compute this using matrix multiplication. --- ### 4. **Steady State Distribution of Another TPM** Given the new transition matrix: $$P = \begin{pmatrix} 0.4 & 0.6 & 0 & 0 \\ 0.3 & 0.7 & 0 & 0 \\ 0.2 & 0.4 & 0.1 & 0.3 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}$$ We need to find the steady-state distribution by solving the system $$\pi P = \pi$$, along with the normalization condition $$\pi_1 + \pi_2 + \pi_3 + \pi_4 = 1$$. Let me know which problem you'd like to go through in more detail!

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Markov Chains
Probability Theory
Steady State Distribution

Formulas

Steady state distribution equation: πP = π
Transition probability matrix (TPM)

Theorems

Classification of states in Markov chains
Steady state theorem

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate (B.Tech.)