Math Problem Statement

what is this

Solution

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Image Processing
Morphological Operations
Structuring Elements
Complementation

Formulas

I^{θ}_{th} = I^{c}_{g} - (I^{c}_{g} ∘ S^{θ}_{e})

Theorems

Morphological Opening Operation
Complementation

Suitable Grade Level

University Level (Advanced Image Processing or Computer Vision)