Math Problem Statement
You may need to use the appropriate technology to answer this question. Joan's Nursery specializes in custom-designed landscaping for residential areas. The estimated labor cost associated with a particular landscaping proposal is based on the number of plantings of trees, shrubs, and so on to be used for the project. For cost-estimating purposes, managers use two hours of labor time for the planting of a medium-sized tree. Actual times from a sample of 10 plantings during the past month follow (times in hours). 1.6 1.4 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.6 3.0 1.3 2.3 With a 0.05 level of significance, test to see whether the mean tree-planting time differs from two hours. (a) State the null and alternative hypotheses.
H0: π = 2 Ha: π β 2
H0: π β€ 2 Ha: π > 2
H0: π > 2 Ha: π β€ 2
H0: π < 2 Ha: π β₯ 2
H0: π β₯ 2 Ha: π < 2 Correct: Your answer is correct. (b) Compute the sample mean. 2.20
Correct: Your answer is correct. (c) Compute the sample standard deviation. (Round your answer to three decimal places.) 0.613
Incorrect: Your answer is incorrect. (d) What is the test statistic? (Round your answer to three decimal places.) 1.164
Incorrect: Your answer is incorrect. What is the p-value? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) p-value = 0.274
Incorrect: Your answer is incorrect. (e) What is your conclusion?
Do not reject H0. We cannot conclude that the mean tree-planting time differs from two hours. There is no reason to change from the two hours for cost estimating purposes.
Reject H0. We can conclude that the mean tree-planting time differs from two hours. There is a reason to change from the two hours for cost estimating purposes.
Do not reject H0. We can conclude that the mean tree-planting time differs from two hours. There is a reason to change from the two hours for cost estimating purposes.
Reject H0. We cannot conclude that the mean tree-planting time differs from two hours. There is no reason to change from the two hours for cost estimating purposes.
Solution
Here's the correct solution for the problem:
(b) The sample mean is . (This was correctly provided.)
(c) The sample standard deviation is (rounded to three decimal places).
(d) The test statistic is (rounded to three decimal places).
(e) The p-value is (rounded to four decimal places).
Conclusion:
At a significance level of , since the p-value () is greater than , we do not reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, we cannot conclude that the mean tree-planting time differs from two hours. There's no reason to change the two-hour estimate for cost-estimating purposes.
Would you like further details on any of these calculations?
Here are 5 related questions to explore this topic further:
- How does increasing the sample size affect the p-value in hypothesis testing?
- What assumptions must be met to conduct a t-test like the one in this example?
- How would the decision change if the significance level were 0.10 instead of 0.05?
- Can you explain the concept of Type I and Type II errors in hypothesis testing?
- What is the effect of sample variance on the test statistic?
Tip: Always ensure that the sample data approximates normality when using the t-test for small sample sizes.
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Math Problem Analysis
Mathematical Concepts
Hypothesis Testing
t-Distribution
Sample Mean
Standard Deviation
p-value
Formulas
Sample Mean: \( \bar{x} = \frac{\sum x_i}{n} \)
Sample Standard Deviation: \( s = \sqrt{\frac{\sum (x_i - \bar{x})^2}{n-1}} \)
Test Statistic: \( t = \frac{\bar{x} - \mu}{s / \sqrt{n}} \)
p-value from t-distribution
Theorems
Central Limit Theorem
Student's t-Test
Suitable Grade Level
Undergraduate Statistics or AP Statistics
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