Math Problem Statement

Find the two numbers whose AM + GM = 9 and AM: GM = 5/4

Solution

Let's denote the two numbers as aa and bb. We need to find aa and bb such that the sum of their Arithmetic Mean (AM) and Geometric Mean (GM) equals 9, and the ratio of AM to GM is 54\frac{5}{4}.

Step 1: Express AM and GM

The Arithmetic Mean (AM) of aa and bb is: AM=a+b2\text{AM} = \frac{a + b}{2}

The Geometric Mean (GM) of aa and bb is: GM=ab\text{GM} = \sqrt{ab}

Step 2: Set up the equations

According to the problem, we have two conditions:

  1. AM+GM=9\text{AM} + \text{GM} = 9
  2. AMGM=54\frac{\text{AM}}{\text{GM}} = \frac{5}{4}

Step 3: Substitute AM and GM into the equations

Substitute the expressions for AM and GM into the equations:

  1. a+b2+ab=9\frac{a + b}{2} + \sqrt{ab} = 9
  2. a+b2ab=54\frac{\frac{a + b}{2}}{\sqrt{ab}} = \frac{5}{4}

Step 4: Simplify the equations

For the first equation:

Multiply through by 2: a+b+2ab=18(Equation 1)a + b + 2\sqrt{ab} = 18 \quad \text{(Equation 1)}

For the second equation:

Multiply both sides by 2ab2\sqrt{ab}: a+bab=54×2ab\frac{a + b}{\sqrt{ab}} = \frac{5}{4} \times 2\sqrt{ab} a+bab=5ab2\frac{a + b}{\sqrt{ab}} = \frac{5\sqrt{ab}}{2} Multiply both sides by 2ab2\sqrt{ab} to clear the fraction: 2(a+b)=5ab(Equation 2)2(a + b) = 5ab \quad \text{(Equation 2)}

Step 5: Solve the system of equations

We now have two equations:

  1. a+b+2ab=18a + b + 2\sqrt{ab} = 18
  2. 2(a+b)=5ab2(a + b) = 5ab

Solve Equation 2 for a+ba + b: a+b=5ab2a + b = \frac{5ab}{2} Substitute this into Equation 1: 5ab2+2ab=18\frac{5ab}{2} + 2\sqrt{ab} = 18

Multiply through by 2 to eliminate the fraction: 5ab+4ab=365ab + 4\sqrt{ab} = 36 Let x=abx = \sqrt{ab}, so ab=x2ab = x^2. The equation becomes: 5x2+4x36=05x^2 + 4x - 36 = 0

Step 6: Solve the quadratic equation

Solve the quadratic equation using the quadratic formula: x=4±42+4×5×362×5x = \frac{-4 \pm \sqrt{4^2 + 4 \times 5 \times 36}}{2 \times 5} x=4±16+72010x = \frac{-4 \pm \sqrt{16 + 720}}{10} x=4±73610x = \frac{-4 \pm \sqrt{736}}{10} x=4±16×4610x = \frac{-4 \pm \sqrt{16 \times 46}}{10} x=4±8.5810x = \frac{-4 \pm 8.58}{10}

This gives us two possible solutions for xx: x = \frac{-4 + 8.58}{10} \approx 0.458 \quad \text{or} \quad x = \frac{-4 - 8.58}{10} \quad \text{(Not possible as x must be positive)}

So, x=0.458x = 0.458, meaning ab=x20.21ab = x^2 \approx 0.21.

Step 7: Solve for aa and bb

Substituting x=0.458x = 0.458 back into the equation for a+ba + b: a+b=5(0.21)2=0.525a + b = \frac{5(0.21)}{2} = 0.525

Now, solve the system a+b=0.525a + b = 0.525 and ab=0.21ab = 0.21.

This is a quadratic equation: t20.525t+0.21=0t^2 - 0.525t + 0.21 = 0

Solve this using the quadratic formula, and you'll find the values of aa and bb.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Arithmetic Mean
Geometric Mean
Quadratic Equations
Roots of Equations

Formulas

Arithmetic Mean formula
Geometric Mean formula
Quadratic formula

Theorems

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Suitable Grade Level

High School