SECTION A: GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION AND MEASURES OF CENTER

Question 1: Beneficiaries of Farming Inputs

The data represents beneficiaries of farming inputs from Upper Valley Village, categorized as follows:

• 5 got ploughs,
• 7 got fertilizers,
• 4 got seeds,
• 32 got pesticides.

(a) Between a Bar Chart and a Histogram, which one is appropriate to present this data and why?

• Answer: A bar chart is the most appropriate way to present this data because it represents categorical data (types of farming inputs). A bar chart is suitable for showing comparisons between discrete categories, whereas a histogram is used for continuous data, such as frequency distributions of numerical data.

(b) Graphically Present the Data Using a Bar Chart

To present the data in a bar chart, we can assign the farming inputs on the horizontal axis (categories: Ploughs, Fertilizers, Seeds, Pesticides) and the number of beneficiaries on the vertical axis. Each category will have a corresponding bar height proportional to the number of beneficiaries.

Here’s how the bar chart would be structured:

• X-axis (categories): Ploughs, Fertilizers, Seeds, Pesticides
• Y-axis (number of beneficiaries): Range from 0 to 35

Let me know if you'd like me to generate the bar chart for you.

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Question 2: Pie Charts – When and How to Use

(a) Under what circumstances can you use a pie chart?

A pie chart is appropriate when:

1. You are presenting proportional data.
2. You want to show the relative percentage of parts to a whole.
3. The data categories are mutually exclusive (they don't overlap), and the sum of all categories represents 100%.
4. You are dealing with a small number of categories for clearer visualization (usually less than 6 or 7 categories).

(b) Steps to present data using a pie chart:

1. Calculate the total: Add up the values for all categories.
2. Determine the proportion: For each category, divide the value by the total to get the percentage share.
3. Convert to angles: Multiply each category's percentage by 360° to determine the angle in the pie chart.
4. Draw the pie chart: Create a circle and divide it into slices according to the calculated angles.
5. Label the slices: Each slice should be labeled with its corresponding category and percentage.

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Question 3: Presenting Data on a Pie Chart

The data from a research study on the effects of poor sanitation at UNZA is as follows:

• Male: 30
• Female: 60
• Transgender: 10

(a) Present the above data on a pie chart

1. Total number of respondents = 30 (Male) + 60 (Female) + 10 (Transgender) = 100.

2. Percentage of each category:

   • Male: $\frac{30}{100} \times 100 = 30\%$
   • Female: $\frac{60}{100} \times 100 = 60\%$
   • Transgender: $\frac{10}{100} \times 100 = 10\%$

3. Calculate the angles for each slice:

   • Male: $30\% \times 360° = 108°$
   • Female: $60\% \times 360° = 216°$
   • Transgender: $10\% \times 360° = 36°$

Let me know if you'd like me to generate the pie chart for you.

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Would you like more details on any of these steps or charts?

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Here are 5 follow-up questions to expand your understanding:

1. Why would a histogram be inappropriate for categorical data like the types of farming inputs?
2. How do bar charts help in comparing different categories effectively?
3. What are the limitations of using pie charts for presenting data?
4. Could a stacked bar chart be useful for representing multiple data categories? Why or why not?
5. How can color schemes improve the readability of bar charts and pie charts?

Tip: Always ensure that the total of the categories in a pie chart equals 100% to accurately represent the proportional data.