Math Problem Statement

A typical deck of cards has 4 suits ( ) - and the following 13 denominations: Ace, 2 thru 10, Jack, Queen, and king). A single card has two characteristics suit and denomination, for example [King of ] or [4 of ] etc. A "face card" is defined as a King, a Queen, or a Jack.

For this question imagine a typical deck of cards with an additional 5 suit(s). Each new suit is unique and distinct from any original or new suit and still has the normal 13 denominations as the original suits. Your new expanded deck then has 117 total cards and a total of 9 unique suits.

Please note:

Drawing with replacement is meant to mean that when a card is drawn from a randomly shuffled deck its outcome is recorded then the card is put back in the deck and the whole deck is re-shuffled before any subsequent draws.

Drawing without replacement is meant to mean that card deck is completely randomly shuffled and when a card is drawn, its outcome is recorded and that card is not put back in the deck, and is no longer an option to be drawn on any subsequent draws.

with the given information answer the following:

(c) Going back to the full deck of 117 cards, but this time selecting 4 cards without replacement, how many different ways, regardless of order, can you get exactly three "Aces" and exactly one "Heart"?

Solution

To solve this problem, we need to consider combinations, as we are drawing cards without replacement and the order does not matter.

Step 1: Analyze the Problem

We have a deck of 117 cards with 9 unique suits, each containing 13 cards (Ace, 2 through 10, Jack, Queen, King).

  • Number of Aces in the deck: Since there are 9 suits, each having 1 Ace, we have a total of 9 Aces in the deck.
  • Number of "Hearts" in the deck: The "Hearts" suit consists of 13 cards, including one Ace of Hearts.

Step 2: Define the Required Conditions

We want to draw 4 cards without replacement such that:

  1. Exactly 3 of the cards are Aces.
  2. Exactly 1 of the cards is a Heart.

Step 3: Calculate the Combinations

  1. Choose 3 Aces from the 9 available Aces:
    The number of ways to choose 3 Aces out of 9 is given by the combination formula C(n,k)=n!k!(nk)!C(n, k) = \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}, where nn is the total number of items, and kk is the number of items to choose.

    C(9,3)=9×8×73×2×1=84C(9, 3) = \frac{9 \times 8 \times 7}{3 \times 2 \times 1} = 84

  2. Choose 1 Heart from the remaining Hearts: After choosing 3 Aces, we need to ensure that exactly one card is a Heart, but it should not overlap with the Aces we selected.

    • If we selected the Ace of Hearts as one of the 3 Aces: This means we have 12 remaining Heart cards to choose from.

      C(12,1)=12C(12, 1) = 12

    • If we did not select the Ace of Hearts as one of the 3 Aces: This means we have all 13 Heart cards available to choose from.

      C(13,1)=13C(13, 1) = 13

Step 4: Calculate Total Combinations

We need to consider both cases:

  1. Ace of Hearts is included in the 3 Aces: [ \text{Number of ways} = C(8, 2) \times C(12, 1)

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Combinatorics
Probability
Cardinality

Formulas

Combination formula: C(n, k) = n! / (k!(n - k)!)
Combinations of 3 Aces from 9: C(9, 3)
Combinations of Hearts: C(12, 1) or C(13, 1)

Theorems

Combination Theorem
Counting Principle

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12