Math Problem Statement

Alexandra has finished grading the questions she's been assigned and wants to help the 9 other distinguishable grading TAs with the indistinguishable questions they are still grading. How many ways can Alexandra take 33 additional questions from the other grading TAs, such that at least 4 of the other grading TAs give her 7 questions each to grade.

Solution

We are tasked with determining how many ways Alexandra can take 33 additional questions from the 9 other distinguishable grading TAs, with the condition that at least 4 of the TAs give her exactly 7 questions each to grade.

Step 1: Define the problem clearly

Let xix_i represent the number of questions Alexandra takes from TA ii, where i=1,2,,9i = 1, 2, \dots, 9. Therefore, we have the equation:

x1+x2++x9=33x_1 + x_2 + \cdots + x_9 = 33

with the restriction that 0xi70 \leq x_i \leq 7 for all ii, and at least 4 of the xix_i's must be equal to 7.

Step 2: Handle the restriction of at least 4 TAs giving 7 questions

Let us begin by selecting 4 TAs who will give Alexandra exactly 7 questions each. There are (94)\binom{9}{4} ways to choose these 4 TAs. For each of these selected TAs, we set xi=7x_i = 7.

This means that for these 4 TAs, 4×7=284 \times 7 = 28 questions are already accounted for. Thus, the remaining 3328=533 - 28 = 5 questions need to be distributed among the remaining 94=59 - 4 = 5 TAs. For these remaining TAs, each xix_i can take values between 0 and 7.

Step 3: Counting the number of ways to distribute the remaining questions

We now need to distribute 5 questions among 5 TAs, with each TA allowed to receive between 0 and 6 questions (because they cannot receive more than 7 total, and we’ve already assigned at least 4 TAs the maximum of 7 questions). This is a bounded stars and bars problem.

We will solve this by transforming the variables. Let yi=7xiy_i = 7 - x_i, where yi1y_i \geq 1 for the remaining TAs, since each of these TAs can receive up to 6 questions. Now, the equation becomes:

y1+y2++y5=3328=5y_1 + y_2 + \cdots + y_5 = 33 - 28 = 5

We need to count the number of solutions to this equation,

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Combinatorics
Stars and Bars
Binomial Coefficients

Formulas

x_1 + x_2 + \cdots + x_9 = 33
Binomial coefficient: \binom{n}{k} = \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}

Theorems

Stars and Bars Theorem

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate level or advanced high school (Grades 11-12)