Math Problem Statement

A sample was done, collecting the data below. Calculate the standard deviation, to one decimal place.

x 29 17 2 16 18

Solution

To calculate the standard deviation, we can follow these steps:

Step 1: Find the mean (μ\mu).

The mean is the sum of all the data points divided by the number of data points.

μ=29+17+2+16+185=825=16.4\mu = \frac{29 + 17 + 2 + 16 + 18}{5} = \frac{82}{5} = 16.4

Step 2: Calculate the squared differences from the mean.

For each value xix_i, subtract the mean and square the result:

(2916.4)2=12.62=158.76(29 - 16.4)^2 = 12.6^2 = 158.76 (1716.4)2=0.62=0.36(17 - 16.4)^2 = 0.6^2 = 0.36 (216.4)2=(14.4)2=207.36(2 - 16.4)^2 = (-14.4)^2 = 207.36 (1616.4)2=(0.4)2=0.16(16 - 16.4)^2 = (-0.4)^2 = 0.16 (1816.4)2=1.62=2.56(18 - 16.4)^2 = 1.6^2 = 2.56

Step 3: Find the average of these squared differences (variance).

Variance=158.76+0.36+207.36+0.16+2.565=369.25=73.84\text{Variance} = \frac{158.76 + 0.36 + 207.36 + 0.16 + 2.56}{5} = \frac{369.2}{5} = 73.84

Step 4: Take the square root of the variance to find the standard deviation.

Standard deviation=73.848.6\text{Standard deviation} = \sqrt{73.84} \approx 8.6

The standard deviation is 8.6.

Would you like more details or have any questions?

Here are 5 related questions:

  1. How does standard deviation differ from variance?
  2. How would standard deviation change if a new data point was added?
  3. What is the significance of a low vs. high standard deviation?
  4. How can outliers affect standard deviation?
  5. How would we calculate the population standard deviation for this data?

Tip: When calculating variance, always make sure you're clear if it's for a sample or a population!

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Statistics
Standard Deviation
Variance
Mean

Formulas

Mean: μ = (Σx) / n
Variance: σ^2 = Σ(xi - μ)^2 / n
Standard Deviation: σ = √(Variance)

Theorems

The Central Limit Theorem (related to sampling distribution)

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 10-12