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### Problem Breakdown
1. Initial population in 1991: \( P_0 = 2,000,000 \).
2. Annual growth rate from 1991 to 2006 (15 years): 8%.
3. Starting from 2006, the growth rate reduces to 4.5%.
4. We need to find the population in 2006 and then calculate the population 11 years after 2006 (in 2017).

### Step 1: Calculate Population in 2006
The population growth can be modeled with the exponential growth formula:
\[
P = P_0 \times (1 + r)^t
\]
where:
- \( P_0 \) is the initial population,
- \( r \) is the growth rate per period (in decimal),
- \( t \) is the time in years.

#### For 1991 to 2006 (15 years at 8% growth rate):
\[
P_{2006} = 2,000,000 \times (1 + 0.08)^{15}
\]
\[
P_{2006} = 2,000,000 \times (1.08)^{15}
\]
Calculating \( (1.08)^{15} \) gives approximately 3.1722.

\[
P_{2006} \approx 2,000,000 \times 3.1722 = 6,344,400
\]

So, the population in 2006 is approximately **6,344,400**.

### Step 2: Calculate Population in 2017 with 4.5% Growth
Starting from 2006, the growth rate changes to 4.5%. We want to find the population after 11 years of growth at this rate (from 2006 to 2017).

\[
P_{2017} = P_{2006} \times (1 + 0.045)^{11}
\]
\[
P_{2017} = 6,344,400 \times (1.045)^{11}
\]
Calculating \( (1.045)^{11} \) gives approximately 1.6160.

\[
P_{2017} \approx 6,344,400 \times 1.6160 = 10,252,070
\]

So, the population in 2017 is approximately **10,252,070**.

### Final Answer
- **Population in 2006**: 6,344,400
- **Population in 2017**: 10,252,070

Would you like a detailed breakdown of each calculation or further explanation on exponential growth? 

Here are five related questions that build on this topic:
1. How would the calculations change if the growth rate varied yearly instead of being constant?
2. What would happen if the population decreased annually after 2006 instead of continuing to grow?
3. How is exponential growth used in other areas, such as finance or biology?
4. Can you calculate the doubling time for a population with a constant growth rate?
5. How does exponential growth differ from linear growth in terms of population modeling?

**Tip:** When using exponential growth, remember that small changes in the rate have a significant impact over long periods due to compounding.

Penduduk suatu kota berjumlah 2 juta jiwa pada tahun 1991, tingkat pertumbuhannya 8% per tahun. Hitunglah jumlah penduduk kota tersebut pada tahun 2006. Jika mulai tahun 2006 pertumbuhan menurun menjadi 4,5%, berapa jumlahnya 11 tahun kemudian?

Learn how to calculate population growth over time with a detailed solution to a problem involving an 8% growth rate, decreasing to 4.5%. This example demonstrates exponential growth calculations and is suitable for high school students.

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