Math Problem Statement

Helium gas at P1 = 128.0 kPa and T1 = 366.0 K is located within a cylinder with a piston. Initially, the gas occupies V1 = 0.2500 m³. A constant force F is applied to the end of the piston so that the pressure inside the cylinder is held constant at P2 = 128.0 kPa. At the same time, Q = 5210.0 J of heat is transferred to the helium gas. The specific enthalpy of helium gas is given by the approximate relation Ĥ (kJ/mol) = 0.0208T (K). What is the final temperature of the helium gas? What is the final volume of the helium gas? What is the work done by the gas?

Solution

To solve these questions, let's go through them step by step.

Given Information:

  1. Initial pressure, P1=128.0kPaP_1 = 128.0 \, \text{kPa}
  2. Initial temperature, T1=366.0KT_1 = 366.0 \, \text{K}
  3. Initial volume, V1=0.2500m3V_1 = 0.2500 \, \text{m}^3
  4. The pressure remains constant during the process: P2=P1=128.0kPaP_2 = P_1 = 128.0 \, \text{kPa}
  5. Heat added to the gas, Q=5210.0JQ = 5210.0 \, \text{J}
  6. Specific enthalpy of helium gas, H^\hat{H} is given by H^(kJ/mol)=0.0208T(K)\hat{H} (\text{kJ/mol}) = 0.0208 T (\text{K})

Using these, let's solve each question.

1. Finding the Final Temperature, T2T_2

Since we have heat transfer QQ and we are dealing with a constant pressure process, we can use the change in enthalpy formula: Q=ΔH=nΔH^Q = \Delta H = n \cdot \Delta \hat{H} where:

  • ΔH\Delta H is the change in enthalpy,
  • ΔH^=H^(T2)H^(T1)\Delta \hat{H} = \hat{H}(T_2) - \hat{H}(T_1),
  • nn is the number of moles of helium gas.

The specific enthalpy is given by H^=0.0208T\hat{H} = 0.0208 \cdot T, so: ΔH^=0.0208(T2T1)\Delta \hat{H} = 0.0208 \cdot (T_2 - T_1)

Rearranging the heat transfer equation: Q=n0.0208(T2T1)Q = n \cdot 0.0208 \cdot (T_2 - T_1) To find nn, we use the ideal gas law at the initial conditions: P1V1=nRT1P_1 V_1 = n R T_1 where R=8.314J/(mol K)R = 8.314 \, \text{J/(mol K)}.

Solving for nn: n=P1V1RT1n = \frac{P_1 V_1}{R T_1}

Substitute nn into the enthalpy equation and solve for T2T_2: T2=T1+Qn0.0208T_2 = T_1 + \frac{Q}{n \cdot 0.0208}

2. Finding the Final Volume, V2V_2

Since the process is at constant pressure, we can apply the ideal gas law: V2T2=V1T1\frac{V_2}{T_2} = \frac{V_1}{T_1} Thus, V2=V1T2T1V_2 = V_1 \cdot \frac{T_2}{T_1}

3. Calculating the Work Done by the Gas

The work done in an isobaric process (constant pressure) is: W=P(V2V1)W = P \cdot (V_2 - V_1)

Summary of Steps Needed for Calculation:

  1. Calculate n=P1V1RT1n = \frac{P_1 V_1}{R T_1}.
  2. Substitute nn into the equation for T2T_2 and solve for T2T_2.
  3. Use T2T_2 to find V2=V1T2T1V_2 = V_1 \cdot \frac{T_2}{T_1}.
  4. Calculate W=P(V2V1)W = P \cdot (V_2 - V_1).

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Thermodynamics
Ideal Gas Law
Constant Pressure Process

Formulas

Q = ΔH = n ⋅ ΔĤ
Ĥ (kJ/mol) = 0.0208 ⋅ T (K)
n = (P1 ⋅ V1) / (R ⋅ T1)
T2 = T1 + (Q / (n ⋅ 0.0208))
V2 = V1 ⋅ (T2 / T1)
W = P ⋅ (V2 - V1)

Theorems

Ideal Gas Law
First Law of Thermodynamics

Suitable Grade Level

College