Math Problem Statement

​(c) In a random sample of 15 women 18 years old or​ older, find the probability that at least 5 believe that the minimum driving age should be 18. The probability is    enter your response here. ​(Round to four decimal places as​ needed.)

Solution

To solve this problem, we need to use the binomial probability distribution, because we are dealing with a situation where there are two outcomes: either a woman believes the minimum driving age should be 18 (success) or she doesn't (failure). The number of women in the sample is fixed, and we're finding the probability that at least 5 women believe the minimum driving age should be 18.

Let's break it down into steps:

1. Define the variables

  • n=15n = 15: The number of trials (women in the sample).
  • k5k \geq 5: We're looking for the probability of getting at least 5 successes.
  • pp: The probability of success on a single trial (i.e., the probability that a woman believes the minimum driving age should be 18).

Since you haven't provided pp (the probability that a woman believes the minimum driving age should be 18), let's assume pp is a known value (or you can clarify it). For now, I'll proceed without a specific value for pp, but the steps remain the same:

2. Probability of "at least 5" successes

The probability of getting at least 5 successes can be written as: P(X5)=1P(X<5)P(X \geq 5) = 1 - P(X < 5) where XX is the number of women who believe the minimum driving age should be 18.

We can calculate this by finding the sum of the probabilities for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 successes using the binomial formula: P(X=k)=(nk)pk(1p)nkP(X = k) = \binom{n}{k} p^k (1-p)^{n-k} for k=0,1,2,3,4k = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and then subtract the sum of these probabilities from 1.

3. Compute and round to four decimal places

Once we have the probability pp, we can plug it into the binomial probability formula and compute the sum for the cases k=0,1,2,3,4k = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, then subtract from 1.

If you can provide the probability pp or any additional information, I can give you the exact answer!

Do you want more details on the calculation or assumptions?

Expanding questions:

  1. What is the value of pp in this scenario?
  2. How do we use binomial probability distribution in real-life situations?
  3. What other distributions could be used in similar problems, and why?
  4. How does changing pp affect the outcome of the probability?
  5. Can we use a normal approximation for this binomial distribution?

Tip: For large sample sizes, the binomial distribution can often be approximated by a normal distribution, especially when npnp and n(1p)n(1 - p) are both greater than 5.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Probability
Binomial Distribution

Formulas

P(X = k) = C(n, k) * p^k * (1-p)^(n-k)
P(X ≥ 5) = 1 - P(X < 5)

Theorems

Binomial Probability Theorem

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12 or College Level