Math Problem Statement

A computer uses 32-bit as a Word for storing data and instruction. In terms of the 2's complement binary number system, what is the result of conducting the arithmetic for the following two binary numbers (the result is to be expressed in decimal number):

1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1001

minus

0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 0101

Please note that there is no space in the computer memory for storing the binary numbers; a space is included here for the "convenience of our human eyes".

Solution

To solve the problem, we'll follow these steps:

  1. Understand the binary representation:

    • The two binary numbers given are:
      • Binary 1: 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1001\text{Binary 1: } 1111\ 1111\ 1111\ 1111\ 1111\ 1111\ 1111\ 1001
      • Binary 2: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 0101\text{Binary 2: } 0000\ 0000\ 0000\ 0000\ 0000\ 0000\ 0001\ 0101
    • These are 32-bit binary numbers using two's complement representation.
  2. Convert the binary numbers to decimal:

    • In two's complement, the most significant bit (MSB) determines the sign. If the MSB is 1, the number is negative; if it is 0, the number is positive.

    • For Binary 1:

      • MSB is 1, so the number is negative.
      • To find its decimal value:
        • Invert all bits and add 1 to the result.
        • Binary 1: 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 10011111\ 1111\ 1111\ 1111\ 1111\ 1111\ 1111\ 1001
        • Inverted: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 01100000\ 0000\ 0000\ 0000\ 0000\ 0000\ 0000\ 0110
        • Add 1: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 01110000\ 0000\ 0000\ 0000\ 0000\ 0000\ 0000\ 0111
        • Decimal value: 77
        • So, Binary 1 is 7-7.
    • For Binary 2:

      • MSB is 0, so the number is positive.
      • Decimal value: 1×24+1×22+1×20=16+4+1=211 \times 2^4 + 1 \times 2^2 + 1 \times 2^0 = 16 + 4 + 1 = 21
        • So, Binary 2 is 2121.
  3. Subtract the binary numbers:

    • The problem asks to subtract Binary 2 from Binary 1: 721=28-7 - 21 = -28
  4. Express the result in decimal:

    • The result of the subtraction is 28-28 in decimal.

So, the final answer is:

28\boxed{-28}

Would you like more details or have any questions?

Here are 5 related questions to expand on this:

  1. How do you convert a binary number to its two's complement?
  2. How would you subtract two binary numbers directly without converting them to decimal first?
  3. What is the significance of the most significant bit (MSB) in two's complement numbers?
  4. How does the two's complement system differ from the sign-magnitude representation?
  5. How would the operation change if the numbers were 16-bit instead of 32-bit?

Tip: When working with binary subtraction in two's complement, remember that subtraction can be done by adding the negative of the second number to the first.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Binary arithmetic
Two's complement representation

Formulas

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Theorems

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Suitable Grade Level

Advanced High School