Let's go over the answers to the questions based on the information in the image:

1.) A sequence in which consecutive terms have a common difference is an Arithmetic Sequence.

2.) A sequence is Finite if its domain is a set of positive integers $\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, \dots, n\}$ which has a last term $n$.

3.) The number $d$ in $a_n = a_1 + (n - 1)d$ is called the Common Difference of any two consecutive terms in an arithmetic sequence.

4.) The sum, $S_n$, of the arithmetic sequence with the first term $a_1$ and the $n$th term $a_n$, is given by $S_n = \frac{n}{2} (a_1 + a_n)$.

5.) The $n$th term, $a_n$, of an arithmetic sequence with the first term $a_1$ and the common difference $d$, is given by $a_n = a_1 + (n - 1)d$.

Let me know if you'd like a further breakdown of any of these concepts!

Here are five related questions to deepen your understanding:

1. How do you find the common difference in an arithmetic sequence given two consecutive terms?
2. What is the difference between an arithmetic and a geometric sequence?
3. How do you determine if a sequence is finite or infinite?
4. Can you derive the formula for the sum of an arithmetic series from first principles?
5. How does changing the common difference $d$ affect the terms of an arithmetic sequence?

Tip: In arithmetic sequences, the common difference $d$ is constant. If $d > 0$, the sequence is increasing; if $d < 0$, it is decreasing.