Data for this given circuit is a follows, having a Source voltage of 220 Vrms and a transformer ration
of 25:6. The Load LED diode emitting 1.6Vdc and Current of 1.8mA Find the following. When the
whole circuit is energized the capacitor just acts like an open circuit. R1= 1.5KOHMS;
R2=3KOHMS; R2.1=4KOHMS; R4=2KOHMS; R5=4KOHMS. Use silicon diode to analyze the
whole circuit.
A. What is your Peak Voltage at the secondary side
B. What is your RMS value at the secondary side
C. What is the value of all your RL
D. What is the current running in your RL
E. What is the output Voltage of your RL

To analyze the given circuit and answer the questions, we'll follow these steps:

### **Step 1: Determine the Peak Voltage at the Secondary Side (V_peak_secondary)**
Given:
- Source Voltage (V_rms_primary) = 220 Vrms
- Transformer Ratio = 25:6

The transformer ratio relates the primary side voltage to the secondary side voltage as follows:

\[
V_{rms_{secondary}} = V_{rms_{primary}} \times \left(\frac{\text{Turns Ratio (secondary:primary)}}{\text{Turns Ratio (primary:secondary)}}\right)
\]

\[
V_{rms_{secondary}} = 220 \times \left(\frac{6}{25}\right) = \frac{220 \times 6}{25} = 52.8 \text{ Vrms}
\]

To find the peak voltage at the secondary side:

\[
V_{peak_{secondary}} = V_{rms_{secondary}} \times \sqrt{2} = 52.8 \times \sqrt{2} \approx 52.8 \times 1.414 \approx 74.67 \text{ V}
\]

**Answer for A:** The Peak Voltage at the secondary side is approximately **74.67 V**.

### **Step 2: Determine the RMS Value at the Secondary Side (V_rms_secondary)**
We already calculated this in Step 1:

**Answer for B:** The RMS value at the secondary side is **52.8 Vrms**.

### **Step 3: Determine the Value of All Your RL (Load Resistance, RL)**
Given:
- The Load LED has a voltage drop of 1.6 V and a current of 1.8 mA.

To find the Load Resistance \(R_L\):

\[
R_L = \frac{V_{LED}}{I_{LED}} = \frac{1.6 \text{ V}}{1.8 \text{ mA}} = \frac{1.6 \text{ V}}{0.0018 \text{ A}} \approx 888.89 \text{ ohms}
\]

**Answer for C:** The value of your RL (Load Resistance) is approximately **888.89 ohms**.

### **Step 4: Determine the Current Running in Your RL (I_RL)**
Given that the load resistance \(R_L\) is already known, and assuming the output voltage at \(R_L\) is the same as the peak voltage minus the voltage drop across the diode (assuming a silicon diode with a forward voltage of 0.7V):

The output voltage across \(R_L\) is:

\[
V_{RL} = V_{peak_{secondary}} - V_{diode} = 74.67 \text{ V} - 0.7 \text{ V} \approx 73.97 \text{ V}
\]

The current through \(R_L\) is:

\[
I_{RL} = \frac{V_{RL}}{R_L} = \frac{73.97 \text{ V}}{888.89 \text{ ohms}} \approx 83.25 \text{ mA}
\]

**Answer for D:** The current running in your RL is approximately **83.25 mA**.

### **Step 5: Determine the Output Voltage of Your RL (V_RL)**
The output voltage across the load resistance \(R_L\) was calculated in Step 4:

**Answer for E:** The output voltage of your RL is approximately **73.97 V**.

### Summary of Answers
- **A.** Peak Voltage at the secondary side: **74.67 V**
- **B.** RMS value at the secondary side: **52.8 Vrms**
- **C.** Value of RL: **888.89 ohms**
- **D.** Current running in RL: **83.25 mA**
- **E.** Output Voltage of RL: **73.97 V**

Would you like more details on any of these steps? 

Here are some related questions you might explore:
1. How would the peak voltage change if the transformer ratio were different?
2. What would be the impact of a different load resistance on the current?
3. How does the capacitor acting as an open circuit influence the overall circuit?
4. What would happen if the diode had a higher forward voltage?
5. How would the use of a different type of diode affect the output?

**Tip:** When analyzing circuits with transformers, always start by determining the secondary voltage using the turns ratio, as it sets the foundation for further calculations.

Explore the analysis of a transformer circuit with a source voltage of 220 Vrms and a transformer ratio of 25:6. Calculate peak voltage, RMS value, load resistance, current, and output voltage using silicon diode analysis. Suitable for undergraduate electrical engineering students.

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